TRIBUNNEWS.COM - Ada yang menarik dari tampilan Google pada hari ini.
Untuk hari Kamis tanggal 22 Maret 2018 ini, Google Doodle ,menghadirkan tampilan halaman muka dengan tema sosok Katsuko Saruhashi .
Bagi warga Indonesia, sosok Katsuko Saruhashi adalah nama yang terdengar sangat asing di telinga bukan? Meski begitu, ada cerita menarik dibalik sosok Katsuko Saruhashi sehingga sosoknya dijadikan tokoh pada Google Doodle hari ini.
Sosoknya dipandang begitu spesial di mata warga dunia karena menjadi salah satu tokoh wanita di dunia dalam bidang ilmu bumi terutama bidang geochemist.
Untuk mengupas sosoknya lebih dalam, mari kita simak salah satu quote dari sosoknya yang begitu terkenal.
Ada banyak wanita yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi ilmuwan hebat. Saya ingin melihat hari ketika wanita dapat berkontribusi pada sains dan teknologi yang setara dengan pria.
Ya, sosok Katsuko Saruhashi adalah salah satu tokoh ilmuan wanita yang mencoba mendobrak kerangka sains dan teknologi yang sebelumnya selalu didominasi oleh kaum pria.
Langkah besarnya dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan ini dimulai dengan sebuah kisah sederhana.
Semua bermula saat Saruhashi muda tengah duduk di ruang kelas di mana ia menempuh pendidikan Sekolah Dasar.
Sama seperti bocah SD pada umumnya, Saruhashi kadang melamun di dalam kelas mengabaikan pelajaran dari gurunya.
Katsuko Saruhashi ( 猿橋 勝子 , Saruhashi Katsuko ? , 22 Maret 1920 – 29 September 2007) adalah geokimiawan yang pertama kali mengukur kandungan karbon dioksida (CO 2 ) di air laut dan memaparkan bukti bahaya luruhan radioaktif di air laut dan atmosfer .
Saruhashi lahir di Tokyo dan lulus dari Perguruan Tinggi Sains Wanita Kekaisaran Jepang (pendahulu Universitas Toho ) tahun 1943, lalu bergabung dengan Institut Penelitian Meteorologi milik Observatorium Meteorologi Pusat (kelak menjadi Badan Meteorologi Jepang ) dan bekerja di laboratorium geokimia di sana. Pada tahun 1950, ia mulai meneliti kandungan CO 2 di air laut. Waktu itu, kandungan CO 2 tidak dianggap penting sehingga Saruhashi harus mengembangkan metode pengukuran sendiri. [1]
Ia mendapat gelar S2 kimia pada tahun 1957 dari Universitas Tokyo dan menjadi salah satu perempuan pertama yang mendapat gelar tersebut. [2]
Usai uji nuklir Bikini Atoll tahun 1954, pemerintah Jepang meminta Laboratorium Geokimia menganalisis dan mengawasi radioaktivitas air laut dan hujan. [2] Sebuah kapal nelayan Jepang berada di arah angin saat uji nuklir dilakukan, kemudian semua awak kapal jatuh sakit. Saruhashi menemukan bahwa radioaktivitas memakan waktu satu setengah tahun untuk mencapai perairan Jepang . [2]
Tahun 1964, tingkat radioaktivitas menunjukkan bahwa perairan Pasifik Utara bagian barat dan timur telah bercampur sepenuhnya. Tahun 1969, jejak-jejak radioaktivitas telah tersebar ke seluruh Pasifik. [ butuh rujukan ] Ini merupakan salah satu penelitian pertama yang menunjukkan cara luruhan nuklir menyebar ke seluruh dunia, bukan hanya di perairan sekitar. [ butuh rujukan ] Pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an, ia mulai meneliti hujan asam dan dampaknya.
Saruhashi meninggal dunia tanggal 29 September 2007 akibat pneumonia di rumahnya di Tokyo pada usia 87 tahun.
1958 - Pendiri Perkumpulan Ilmuwan Perempuan Jepang untuk memperkenalkan perempuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan membantu menjaga perdamaian dunia. [3]
1980 - Perempuan pertama yang menjadi anggota Dewan Ilmu Pengetahuan Jepang.
1981 - Avon Special Prize for Women atas penelitiannya tentang penggunaan tenaga nuklir secara damai dan menaikkan status status ilmuwan perempuan.
1981 - Perintis Saruhashi Prize , penghargaan tahunan untuk ilmuwan perempuan yang menjadi panutan bagi ilmuwan perempuan muda.
1985 - Perempuan pertama yang dianugerahi Miyake Prize untuk geokimia.
1993 - Tanaka Prize dari Society of Sea Water Sciences.
Saruhashi adalah anggota kehormatan Perkumpulan Geokimia Jepang dan Perkumpulan Oseanografi Jepang. [4]
Pada tanggal 22 Maret 2018, Google menampilkan Doodle berwajah Katsuko Saruhashi bertepatan dengan ulang tahun ke-98. [5] [6]
"Ada banyak perempuan yang mampu menjadi ilmuwan besar. Saya menunggu-nunggu masa ketika perempuan bisa ikut memperkaya sains dan teknologi, sejajar dengan laki-laki." [7]
^ Yount, Lisa (1996) Twentieth-Century Women Scientists , Facts On File, Inc., p. 53, ISBN 0-8160-3173-8
^ a b c Yount, Lisa (2008). A to Z of women in science and math (edisi ke-Rev.). New York: Facts On File. hlmn. 263–264. ISBN 978-0-8160-6695-7 .
^ Robertson, Jennifer, editor (2008) A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan , John Wiley & Sons, p. 477, ISBN 140514145X
^ https://www.google.com/doodles/katsuko-saruhashis-98th-birthday
Yount, Lisa (1996). Twentieth Century Women Scientists. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-3173-8 .
Morell, Virginia et al. (April 16, 1993). Called 'Trimates,' three bold women shaped their field. Science , v260 n5106 p420(6).
Google is honouring Katsuko Saruhashi, a Japanese scientist who did pioneering work in her field – and then inspired many more like herself to do the same.
Saruhashi's list of achievements is vast and wide. Chief among them is work she did to test how nuclear fallout was moving in the seas, and use it to show that tests of nuclear explosions in the ocean should be limited.
But Saruhashi's achievements weren't only scientific, and the list of work that others went on to do as a result of her inspiration is even longer. She also worked incredibly hard to ensure that other women got a chance to make the breakthroughs she did, explaining that it was her mission to make the field she worked in more equal.
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"“There are many women who have the ability to become great scientists," she said. "I would like to see the day when women can contribute to science & technology on an equal footing with men.”
Her work in that area has been recognised with, among many others things, a prize named in her honour. When she retired in 1980, her colleagues gave her five million yen – and she used that money to establish the Association for the Bright Future of Women Scientists, which has rewarded Japanese women scientists working in the natural scientists with a prize every year since.
Google recognised all of those achievements in its Doodle, which was displayed across the world. "Today on her 98th birthday, we pay tribute to Dr. Katsuko Saruhashi for her incredible contributions to science, and for inspiring young scientists everywhere to succeed," it wrote on its page.
Before she did the work she would go on to be remembered for, Saruhashi was already breaking through barriers. She was the first woman to earn a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1957, for instance, and she would continue such achievements by becoming the first woman to win a prestigious geochemistry award.
But the work that would define her scientific life was begun after the US started testing nuclear weapons at Bikini Atoll. In response to that, the Japanese government wanted to know whether exploding the warheads was affecting the water in the ocean and in rainfall, and commissioned the Geochemical Laboratory, where she worked, to analyse that.
She made use of the understanding of accurately measuring water but turned it to explore the way nuclear fallout spread through the water. She found that the pollution was taking a long time to make its way through the ocean – but that eventually it would spread out and mix with the water, moving across the world.
It was those findings and others like it that helped contribute towards stopping the test of nuclear warheads in the ocean. And it was some of the first work that explored the way that nuclear fallout spreads over the world – a field that would go on to become terrifyingly relevant in accidents like those at Chernobyl or Fukushima.
Saruhashi would go on to explore the other dangers posed by rain and water, including work on acid rain.
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Described as one of the greatest Japanese geochemists and hailed as an "iron scientist", Katsuko Saruhashi would have been 98 years old on March 21.
In her honour, Google is changing its logo in 15 countries to an illustration of her.
But in her lifetime, she was not always recognised for her achievements and discrimination was an everyday affair.
This is her story:
World War II experience
Saruhashi was born in Tokyo in 1920 to Kuniharu and Kuno Saruhashi . As a child, she was often described as a shy and introverted little girl.
. As a child, she was often described as a shy and introverted little girl. A young Saruhashi sat in primary school watching raindrops slide down a window and wondered what made it rain.
Saruhashi had a passion for education that was also supported by her mother after their shared experience of the Second World War. She was convinced that women needed to acquire technical knowledge to gain independence.
She attended Toho University (then known as the Imperial Women's College of Science) and graduated in 1943.
First doctorate
While studying, Saruhashi met someone who would become her future mentor. Miyake Yasuo offered her a position at the Meteorological Research Institute.
During her time there she had the opportunity to study the CO2 levels in seawater.
"Now everyone is concerned about carbon dioxide, but at the time nobody was," she said, when she started she had to design her own techniques for measuring the gas.
She showed that the Pacific Oceans releases about twice as much carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere as it absorbs, meaning it could not help combat climate change.
For her work, she became the first woman to be awarded a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1957.
Nuclear bombs
Saruhashi and her team were also recognised for being part of the first group in the world to look into the effects of bombs tested by the US and the Soviet Union in the world's atmosphere.
She discovered that radioactivity reached the cost of Japan. She was one the firsts to research on the issues of nuclear testing; her evidence was later used to stop those governments from performing nuclear tests.
Despite her pioneering work, Saruhashi is almost never cited in Western debates on climate change or the dangers of radiation testing.
She died on September 29, 2007, at the age of 87.
Recognition
Saruhashi was the first woman to be awarded a doctoral degree in chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1957.
She was the first woman to be elected as the member of the Science Council of Japan, the country’s parliament of science in 1980.
She was the first woman to receive the Miyake Prize for geochemistry in 1985, and she established her own prize as well known as the Suruhashi prize which recognises female scientists who act as mentors and role models for younger female scientists.
"I wanted to highlight the capabilities of women scientists. Until now, those capabilities have been secret, under the surface," she was quoted saying.
In 1993, she won the Tanaka Prize from the Society of Sea Water Sciences.
