No one would argue with the fact that Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) has had a spectacular 2017. Nvidia beat its fiscal 3Q sales and earnings estimates, and 4Q guidance exceeded consensus. Company revenue has soared more than 36% and the stock more than 90%. At this point, the most common concern is on the NVDA’s seemingly high valuation which may not be justified by its forecast fundamentals. In this article, I just attempt to answer this question. Based on both the product classification and the end users classification, I use the “sum of parts” method to estimate NVDA’s 2018 price targets.
Murphy’s Law Rules
The good news is that NVDA fended off AMD’s recent assault on GPU market shares and be proven to be less affected by the volatility of the Bitcoin market. All segments across the board have delivered growth rates exceeding expectations. Ironically, Nvidia’s only potential bad news may be a result of its own success. Small revenue share segment shows the largest growth potential, Datacenter delivered over 100% year to year revenue growth (Figure 1-A) but only represents the smallest end user, contributing less than 20% of the revenue (Figure 1-B).
(Source: Bloomberg)
While Nvidia’s GPU business represents 84% of the Q3 revenue, it also dictates the company’s 18% year-to-year revenue growth which is significantly lower than the 74% Tegra Processor growth rate. As a result, Nvidia's near-term overall growth rate may be invariably slowing down amid the “growth dilution” from a large revenue base.
(Source: Bloomberg)
Forward-Looking Segment Fundamentals
In the following sections, I will examine the 2018 growth outlook for Nvidia's largest or fastest growing segments.
Gaming
Gaming is still Nvidia’s largest revenue segment. It increased from 41% in 2015 to the most recent 59% (Figure 1-B). On the other hand, Gaming also has the lower growth rate at 26%, halved from 50% just one year ago (Figure 2-A). However, gaming growth is expected to continue due to upgrades to chips that use Nvidia's Pascal and Maxwell GPU architecture and positioning vs. AMD's.
(Source: Bloomberg)
As the popularity of e-sports increases the demand for mid-range and higher GPUs, the 3-5 years GPU refresh cycle, and matching product releases, the company expects that its gaming revenue will grow in a mid-teen rate. While the IDC predicts PC gamers will rise 4% a year through 2020, Nvidia’s desktop GPU market share will reach 80% by then in figure below. Since MAU is highly correlated with the desktop GPU sales, it stands to reason that Nvidia’s long-term GPU’s CAGR will be halved from the most recent 25% to 12%-14%. The company’s gaming sales rose 13% a year during the past five years.
In the meantime, Nvidia fully enjoys the “margin leverage” that operating margin increases with the revenue growth (Figure 8 and 1-C). I can only see that Nvidia’s early investment in Artificial Intelligence (NYSE:AI) will start paying off. With a steadily rising margin at 44%, it is expected that the GPU’s 2018 operating margin will exceed 45%.
(Source: Bloomberg)
Datacenter
As a company, Nvidia can "leverage" its overall margin from its high growth, high margin Datacenter (Figure 8). Datacenter’s "value-based" pricing structure delivers an over 75% gross margin, compared with the company’s 45%-50%. Although Datacenter only contributes to 19% of the total revenue, growing at a triple-digit rate gives Nvidia a significant room for penetration. On the other hand, the concentration of a handful of large cloud corporate customers may pose a serious supply chain risk. More than 57% Datacenter revenue has been driven by the top 17 cloud companies (Table 1-B).
(Source: Bloomberg)
According to Bloomberg’s Anand Srinivasan, Nvidia’s Datacenter revenue visibility to these large firms may be "limited to 1-3 quarters" depending on whether the purchase is for internal or external system chip use. Although the 25% revenue exposure to the high-performance is less volatile, the remaining 15% of its Datacenter sales is for desktop virtualization which is subject to the slowing PC shipment. The cyclical exposure to these large firms’ IT budget makes the Datacenter recent 109% revenue growth unsustainable. With revenue share grows steadily over 20%, the growth rate is also conservatively halved to 50%.
Automobile
Currently, Automobile segment has a revenue share between 5% and 6%. However, this is the segment which its long-term investment in deep learning, system training, inference and high-performance computing will provide Nvidia an $8 billion AI car opportunity by 2025 (Table 1). While advanced driverless car chips are higher-priced and carry higher margins, they're purchased by fewer vendors and make up a small portion of Nvidia's auto sales. Nvidia’s advanced chip content may be in a range of $600-$1,000 per car. Today's cars average about $450 in chip content with a big gap between lower-end cars, which carry more analog value, and high-end luxury cars that have advanced logic chips, the volume is not expected to rise for several years. Most of Nvidia's exposure remains in infotainment which has less than half the Datacenter’s margin.
Sum of Parts Valuation
For 2018, Nvidia's faster-growing auto and datacenter computing segments will be partially offset by slowing PC graphic chip sales. It is clear that each product segment or end user exhibits significantly different revenue growth and profitability. Therefore, one logical way to estimate Nvidia’s stock is to value each component as an independent identity. Each part will be summed up into a total company valuation. Nvidia can be classified by its product lines, GPU and Tegra. It can also be analyzed by its end-users, i.e., Gaming, Datacenter, Professional Visualization, OEM & IP, and Automobile. I will use both alternative frameworks to estimate Nvidia stock values.
The general procedure of the valuation is to use a revenue-based model as follows:
P i = P/S* i x S i
P i is the value of the segment “i” and P/S* i is its “fair” sales multiple and S i is the segment “i” revenue. The total market capitalization, or stock price per share, is the sum of all the individual segment valuations.
Different Segment P/S Multiples
In contrast to the convention of applying a historical or constant P/S to the valuation, there is the fair P/S multiple varies from segment to segment. The fair P/S multiple should reflect the expected long-term revenue growth and incremental margin in that segment. On the same token, historical P/S and margin rarely repeat themselves as most do not have same sales growth and profitability over time. A P/S should be determined by the expected sales growth in that segment in the long-run, I use the sales franchise model (SFV) to convert the forward-looking fundamentals into share values.
SFV computes two parts of the stock value. The first part includes the market value for constant-growth profitability. The second portion is the excess profit growth over shareholders’ expectation. This is a model to produce stock valuation which reflects both future revenue growth and margin changes. Using the SFV, I first compute a fair P/S for each individual segment. The fair segment P/S will be used to find the individual segment’s valuation. (Please click here for details of the model.)
Product versus End-Users Valuations
Using the forecast revenue growth rates and margin estimates in fiscal 2019 (calendar 2018), as outlined in the first section, I am able to value Nvidia’s GPU segment between $205 and $225 a share, the Tegra Processor between $35 and $39 a share. As a result, NVDA is estimated around $252 (Table 2). Note that the range of the valuation reflects the range of the individual growth rate estimated. For the segment revenue growth rate was not explicitly estimated, I used its CAGR for the past five years.
I perform the same procedure for the 5 end users in Table 3. The fair value for Gaming is around $160, Datacenter $55, Professional Visualization around, OEM/IP, and Automobile $46. Based on this classification, Nvidia should be valued around $261. The reason that End-User valuation is higher than the product-based valuation is due to a higher growth rate and margin being used for Datacenter. The closeness of Nvidia valuations from two independent approaches also provides validity and robustness of the valuation process.
Combining both estimates, Nvidia’s 2018 price target is between $252 and $261.
Limitations
Of course, there are numerous limitations in interpreting and using this valuation:
The sum of parts method treats each part independently. There is an obvious interaction among each segment, either positive synergy or negative cannibalization effect which is not captured. For example, Nvidia’s leading AI investment will invariably impact positively on GPU, Gaming, Datacenter, and Automobile simultaneously. If this is the case, the omission of positive synergy in my calculation only makes NVDA price target estimate a more conservative one. I didn’t explicitly include the likely tech sector selloff in 2018. Based on a previous post, the history tells us that for every 1% drop of tech index, NVDA will drop 1.5% in response. Unlike in previous posts, I didn’t include the “zero-sum gain” nature in GPU & CPU market share among Nvidia, AMD, and Intel. As the new AMD and Intel alliance will pose a likely threat to NVDA in the CPU space, there may be some downside for NVDA’s valuation on that account. Of course, I didn’t include the long-term favorable tax-cut impact, or the short-term negative earnings effect from deferred tax assets write down for NVDA. But I think these tax effects will most likely be a wash to the positive side.
Even with all these caveats in my analysis, I still want to wish Nvidia a “Happy New Year.”
Disclosure: I am/we are long NVDA.
I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
MUMBAI: With the return of a booming primary market, million-dollar investment bank bonuses are expected to be back with a bang. Global and domestic investment banks in India have earned the most fees in the past five years in 2017, making a strong case for big annual payouts, industry experts and headhunters said.Investment banks in India earned around $444 million in the year to date compared with $344 million in fees in 2016 and $364 million in 2015, thus making 2017 the highest grosser after the boom years of 2008-13, according to Dealogic, a global data provider. With days to go before the new year, bankers are rushing to close deals and the number could go up further, experts said. Some have doubled their income from the Indian market, raising expectations that after years of indifferent paydays, this year will be a bonanza. "The market has been good this year and that should reflect in the revenues and compensation," said the HR head of a foreign bank, seeking anonymity.Star bankers are hoping to take home million-dollar bonuses on top of base pay of $200,000-800,000. "Some of the best performers who have met their revenue targets will be rewarded handsomely," said another banker with a global bank. Compensation at global banks is broken up into a fixed component and a variable bonus "Bonuses are expected to be much higher this year on the back of revival of capital markets and a large number of PE deals," said K Sudarshan, managing partner at executive search firm EMA Partners India."However, whether this will translate into a million dollars, one has to wait and see. More than hefty cash bonuses, there could be huge stock components and restricted stock units (RSUs).This has been a great year for I-banks but one has to see it in the context of severe pressure of capping compensation and bonuses in many MNCs . However, there will be a strong comeback," said Sudarshan of EMA Partners India.The banks that have earned the most fees this year are JPMorgan ($70.98 million), Citibank Capital Markets ($29.89 million), Axis Bank ($27.30 million), Goldman Sachs ($19.85 million) and ICICI Bank ($19.66 million). Others such as Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley, Kotak Mahindra Capital Co, Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Standard Chartered Bank have also made it to the top 10 in terms of core investment banking fees in Dealogic's league table.Core investment banking fees include earnings through equity capital market (ECM), debt capital market (DCM) and merger and acquisitions (M&A) advisory. Annual payouts for most global banks take place in January and February while domestic banks announce annual bonuses in June.None of the global banks, which lost a lot of business to their domestic peers, handed out seven-figure bonuses to employees last year. Most cut payouts, some even by half, I-banking sources said.Equity market deal volumes in 2017 rose three times to $30.38 billion from $10.09 billion in 2016, data showed. Around 270 ECM deals were executed in the year, up from 154 in 2016. Of this, as many as 153 were initial public offerings (IPOs), raising $11.6 billion, a 74% rise from the previous year, according to an EY report. The stock market has risen by 27% so far this year, giving companies a broad window to raise capital.Selective M&A deals, driven by record private equity and venture capital investments of $23.3 billion through 537 deals, also led to the surge."This has been one of the stronger years for I-banking," said Anshul Lodha, director at recruitment agency Michael Page India. "More so on the capital market side that fetched big business and fees with the huge number of IPOs and QIPs (qualified institutional placements). The advisory market too was buoyant with an estimated 20-25% increase in fees. All this is expected to lead to heavy bonuses this year."During 2013-2017, investment banks in India saw deal volumes plunge, leading to shrinking fees. This took a toll on headcount in most global banks that were forced to lay off people and move coverage out of India. Some banks deferred bonuses while others offered equity in lieu of cash payouts. Domestic banks meanwhile hired carefully and managed their teams with minimum pay hikes.For an industry marred by almost non-existent capital market business in the past few years, 2017 came as a relief, with high fee income across the board in investment banking. "Expected high bonuses would not only help retain current employee base but also attract new talent to the industry which faced steady decline in headcount in the past few years," Lodha said.The total headcount in Indian investment banks shrunk to around 700 from more than 1,000 between 2012 and 2017, with some taking up corporate jobs and others moving out to start on their own, according to data from Vito India, a domestic headhunting firm.To be sure, not every bank has performed well. Some boutique and standalone advisory firms have seen a dip in fee income over the previous years and that will lead to bonuses remaining flat.
The curtains are coming down on 2017 and soon we'll all have an all new year in 2018. With the year ending it's hard not to evaluate the year gone by and plan your moves for the upcoming one. The new year brings with it the hope for a new beginning, some new possibilities, and many new dreams to fulfill. The new year also brings the chance for people to try out new things and set better personal goals for oneself. Every year millions of people list down their aspirations, aims and targets for themselves and promise to fulfill them in the new year. These are popularly known as new year's resolutions and help one to achieve goals they have set for themselves. While many people are successful in reaching their aim, many find it hard to keep up with their own plans. Whether it's health, relationships or personal finance, keeping a new year's resolution going let alone achieving it can be quite hard. However, it's not impossible to accomplish what you set out for yourself. Hard as it may be, new year's resolutions can help improve one's life and fulfilling them can bring one a sense of triumph. All it'll take is a little bit of your time and some will power, and soon you'll have exactly what you set out to accomplish. The trick is set small targets and let the achievement stir you to work on bigger and more time consuming resolutions. And remember, don't be hard on yourself if you slip up. All you have to do is get back up and try again.So, we've rounded up some new year's resolutions most people list for themselves. See if you would like to choose one for yourself.
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What's your New Year's resolution? Tell us using the comments section below.Click for more trending news
The new year is almost upon us, which means there are new possibilities, new hopes, new dreams and new resolutions for the coming year. As we step into 2018 with renewed enthusiasm for the future to come, it is also a time to reflect on the year gone by and the beautiful moments shared with your family and friends. Express your gratitude for your loved ones and let them know how they've been an important part of your life. Also, spare a thought for the people who have supported you through the difficult times. The spirit of New Year isn't just reminiscing about the past but also looking forward to the times ahead with the promise of love, unconditional support and tons and tons of happiness. Forgive the people who may have hurt you and start 2018 on a bright and fresh note as there should be no room for hate in the new year. Also, remember to make a new year resolution because what's the fun of celebrating new year if there are no resolutions - some to keep and some to break by mid January, right?Say it with a card or spend quiet quality time together. You can party into the new year or watch movies as a group. Take your pick and ring in the new year with your wonderful family and close friends. And if you're far away, let all your loved ones know your new year wish for them with these heartfelt wishes, messages, greetings. Happy New Year 2018!How are you ringing in the new year? And did you make any resolutions for 2018?Click for more trending news
