Monday’s Google Doodle celebrates Tom Longboat, a Canadian long distance runner who became the first member of a First Nations community to win the Boston Marathon.
Born in 1887 on the Six Nations reserve in Ontario, Longboat was a member of the Onondaga Nation. His indigenous name was Cogwagee, meaning “Everything.” As a child, Longboat lived in one of Canada’s Residential Schools. He ran away twice before moving in with his uncle and starting to train as an athlete while working various odd jobs.
Longboat pioneered a training technique that alternates days of intense workouts with days of lower-stress exercise and rest. While it’s since been widely adopted by athletes, it was highly unusual in Longboat’s day.
Longboat won his first Boston Marathon in 1907, just two years after he started racing. He set a new record for the race, five minutes faster than the existing one, gaining international fame. Long-distance running was a popular sport at the time; Longboat spent years racing in front of large crowds.
Longboat faced racism from both the media and the sports community, who levied stereotypes about indigenous communities at him and sometimes refused to see him as Canadian. But he had a stellar career. He lost only three races and in 1912 set a world record for the fifteen-mile race, clocking in at just one hour and eighteen minutes.
Longboat gave up his athletic career in 1916 to join the Canadian forces serving in World War One. He used his talents to take on the dangerous task of running messages between military posts in France, and was mistakenly declared dead twice when he went missing. After the war, he returned to the Six Nations Reserve and gave up professional running.
He died in 1949 at the age of 61. Six years later he was inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame, which today recognizes him as “Canada’s greatest long-distance runner.”
The Google Doodle for Monday, June 4 celebrates the Canadian long-distance runner Tom Longboat on what would have been his 131st birthday.
A member of the Onondaga Nation and born on the Six Nations Reserve near Ontario, Longboat is considered to be one of the greatest marathoners of all time, losing only three times in his amateur career.
Here is all you need to know about today’s Google Doodle luminary Tom Longboat including who he was and his WWI experience.
Who is Tom Longboat?
Tom Longboat was born on June 4, 1887 on the Six Nations Indian reserve near Brantford, Ontario.
He was a member of the Onondaga Nation, whose native name Cogwagee meant ‘Everything’.
Longboat started racing as a teenager, having been inspired by another First Nations runner, Bill Davis—who finished in second at the 1901 Boston Marathon. Longboat blew everyone away by winning the 1907 Boston Marathon, returning home to a torchlight parade.
Innovative training methods add to Longboat’s legend; his use of a rotating training technique that involved switching up between heavy, light and recovery workouts exhibiting sports science knowledge well ahead of its time.
Two years after he won the 1907 Boston Marathon, Longboat turned pro, competing at the 1908 Olympic Games in London and racing for the next five years before retiring in 1912.
Longboat’s phenomenal stamina was put to use in the most extraordinary way during World War I.
Serving in the Canadian Army, Longboat was a dispatch runner, running across France to deliver messages between military posts.
Having served with distinction, the job was so risky that Longboat was reportedly declared dead twice during the war.
Despite his athletic achievements and bravery in war, Longboat faced life-long racism, with the media and sporting world constantly doubting him, despite his record breaking runs and victories.
After the war, Longboat retired to the Six Nations Reserve with his family. He died on January 9, 1949.
In Ontario, June 4 is officially Tom Longboat day.
Tom Longboat Google Doodle
The June 4, 2018 Google Doodle honours the marathon runner Tom Longboat with a special animation showing the athlete running non-stop in place of the first 'O' in 'Google'.
Tom Longboat became the first member of the First Nations to win the Boston Marathon, in 1907
The Doodle was designed by Matthew Cruickshank. An alternative animation shows Longboat running first in his athletic gear and then in his military uniform, paying tribute to his contribution during WWI.
What is a Google Doodle?
Google Doodles mark important cultural events and people throughout history. The search engine giant incorporates the tributes into its logo on the homepage.
The very first Google Doodle was simply a stick man standing behind the second 'O' in 'Google', and commemorated the Google co-founders trip to the 1998 Burning Man Festival.
After the frequent changes to the homepage were well-received, a team of Google Doodlers was created to design the illustrations and animations each day.
Recent Google Doodles include Heinz Sielmann, S.P.L Sorensen, Sam Selvon and James Wong Howe.
Tom Longboat, a Canadian long-distance runner known as “one of the greatest marathoners of all time,” is the subject of a Google Doodle honoring what would have been his 131st birthday.
Longboat is considered one of the greatest Canadian athletes of all time, and the Google Doodle also took special note of his military background, as he turned his running talents into an asset for the Canadians during World War I. “Tom Longboat’s legacy lives on as one of Canada’s greatest athletes,” Google wrote. “Not only is today his birthday, it is officially ‘Tom Longboat Day’ in Ontario!” The Google Doodle was designed to show Longboat transitioning “seamlessly between marathon runner and military man, just as he did during World War I!”
Here’s what you need to know:
1. Tom Longboat Was a Member of the Onondaga Nation
According to Google, Longboat was a member of the Onondaga Nation, who was born in 1887 on the Six Nations Reserve, which is located south of Brantford, Ontario. “He first began racing in his early teenage years, inspired by Bill Davis, another First Nations runner who finished second in the Boston Marathon in 1901,” reported Google.
Longboat’s native name, Cogwagee, meant Everything, according to CBC, which reported that, when he was in his teens, Longboat “ran away from the Mohawk Institute Residential School (twice) and eventually lived with his uncle and did odd jobs.” However, skill and persistence propelled him from humble beginnings to running celebrity.
“Longboat captured every Canadian record from the mile to the marathon at some point in his career, but endured prejudice and racism throughout his life,” Running Magazine reported. He belonged to the Wolf Clan and practiced the Long House religion. He also suffered racial taunts throughout his life and was called names in the newspapers, despite running for millions.
2. Longboat Was the First Member of the First Nations to Win the Boston Marathon
Apr 19 1907 – Six Nations Onondaga marathon runner Tom Longboat wins the 11th Boston marathon in a record time of 2:24:24. In 1909 he wins the title of Professional Champion of the World 🌎🇨🇦❤️👟 pic.twitter.com/BQDjUc5kS8 — Canada Fact Daily (@CanFact) April 20, 2018
In addition to being a Canadian great, Longboat is a hero to indigenous peoples because of his historic firsts.
“It didn’t take long for Longboat to chase Davis’ legacy,” according to Google. “He began racing in 1905 as an amateur and won his first Boston Marathon just two years later, in 1907, making Longboat the first member of the First Nations to win the Boston Marathon.”
According to Running Magazine, Longboat was only 19 when he won the Boston Marathon by “setting a new course record by more than five minutes.”
Longboat’s family still honors his legacy by running in marathons. “Will Winnie, great-grandson of the legendary indigenous Canadian runner Tom Longboat, travelled from his home in the Buffalo, NY area to run the Mississauga Marathon on Sunday,” Running Magazine reported in May 2018.
“If you ran @mississaugamarathon today, we bet you didn’t realize you were running alongside a family member of Tom Longboat! We are thrilled that Will Winnie, Tom’s great grandson made the journey from New York to race with us today. He got a PB, BTW. Go Will Go!” a post on Instagram read.
3. Longboat Only Lost Three Races During His Career
Get Ready to #Bike, #Run or #walk this Monday. June 4th named in his honour is #TomLongboatDay, celebrate at our Annual Tom Longboat Run. Things get underway at #SixNations Parks and Recreation with registration at 8:30am pic.twitter.com/gI4oercg3R — Six Nations Council (@SixNationsEC) May 31, 2018
During his time, Tom Longboat was almost unbeatable. Just how tough of a competitor was he? “[Longboat] was a brilliant athlete,” Dr. Bruce Kidd, Longboat’s biographer, told CBC. “He could run from the front and win. He could run from behind and win. He beat everybody of his generation … he set record after record after record.”
Google reports that “during his career as an amateur racer, Longboat only lost a total of three races.” He won the Boston Marathon by running in a snowstorm, CBC reports, returning to the honor of a parade by torchlight.
Canada’s History reports that Longboat ran away from an Anglican residential school while growing up and labored in farm fields. It was said that his running acumen stemmed from “chasing cows in the fields and that he once ran sixty-five kilometres from Hamilton to Brantford, arriving home before his mother,” who made the journey by wagon.
4. Longboat Was a Veteran of WWI Who Used His Running Skills to Deliver Messages
I'll be at the Longboat Area Residents Association's lane-way party on Tom Longboat Lane. Party @ 12PM. Fun fact: Tom Longboat Day is tmrw, June 4th. Officially passed as a day of observance in '08 & celebrated on Longboat's bday: June 4, 1887. #FreshThinkingTO #Ward21 #TOpoli pic.twitter.com/WqhWmI8zkI — Jon Callegher (@joncallegher) June 3, 2018
Google honored Longboat for his military heroism, not just his running ability. Veterans.gc.ca concurred, calling Tom Longboat “an example of the selfless response of Canadians to the chaos spreading throughout Europe.”
Indeed, the site notes, Longboat was already a star due to his racing abilities, earning thousands, when he decided to enlist. He put his running talents to the cause. “Though the rewards were substantially less, he did not quit racing. As a dispatch carrier with the 107th Pioneer Battalion in France, Longboat ran messages and orders between units,” the site reported.
“During his professional racing career, Longboat also served in the Canadian Army as a dispatch runner in World War I,” reported Google. “He largely ran across France, delivering messages between military posts. This was dangerous work, and he was actually mistakenly declared dead twice during his service! Once he finished his service for the military, he retired to the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario, where he lived for the remainder of his life.”
According to Canada’s History, there is a legendary story about Longboat’s service. “The story is told that somewhere in France during the Great War, a British general, being led to the front by a dispatch runner, grew irritated with the pace set by the man and ordered him to slow down.”
Supposedly, the general said, “For God’s sakes, who do you think I am? Tom Longboat?” Longboat responded, “No sir. That’s me.”
5. Longboat Switched to Professional Racing
From Tom Longboat Junior Public School @TomLongboatPS #TDSB this morning on Day 2! Named after Tom Longboat- an athlete from our Indigenous Communities, a long distance runner. #MyMalvern #ScarbTO #Education in #Malvern pic.twitter.com/CYEpGvrAPS — Neethan Shan (@NeethanShan) May 8, 2018
Longboat didn’t stay an amateur for long. According to Google, he soon turned professional.
“Two years after winning the Boston Marathon, he went on to become a professional racer,” reported Google. “Longboat was one of the first athletes to use a training technique involving rotating training days of hard workouts, easier workouts and recovery days. While these training methods are widely accepted today, he faced skepticism from coaches and media despite consistent victories and multiple world records.”
Tom Longboat died in 1949 “at the age of 62. He is a member of the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the Indian Hall of Fame,” according to Veterans.gc.ca.
Google
Canadian marathoner Tom Longboat would have turned 135 on Monday, prompting a Google Doodle to celebrate his lifetime of accomplishment.
The Onondaga Nation member was born in 1887 on Six Nations Reserve, near Brantford, Ontario. He began racing as a teenager after being inspired by Bill Davis, a First Nations runner who took second place in the 1901 Boston Marathon. Longboat soon eclipsed Davis' result by coming first in the Boston Marathon in 1907.
In his four years as an amateur, Longboat only lost three races, and he turned professional in 1909.
Getty Images
As a professional, he developed a novel approach to training by rotating days of hard workouts, easier workouts and recovery days. These methods are the norm now, but led the sports press of the day to label him "lazy."
Longboat served his country as a dispatch runner during World War I, mostly in France. During this time, he was declared dead twice.
He retired to the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario -- where June 4 is Tom Longboat Day -- and died in 1949.
