THE gifted nurse made it her mission to transform end-of-life care.
As a Google Doodle celebrates her 100th birthday we take a look at the extraordinary life of Dame Cicely Saunders.
Times Newspapers Ltd Cicely Saunders was made a Dame for her decades of work towards palliative care
Who was Dame Cicely Saunders?
Dame Cicely Mary Saunders was born on June 22, 2018, in Barnet, Hertfordshire.
She began studying politics, philosophy and economics at St Anne's College, Oxford, in 1938.
But in 1940, she broke off her studies to train at the Nightingale School of Nursing, where she was based from 1940-44.
Saunders then returned to Oxford to finish her first degree.
The gifted student qualified as a social worker in 1947, and eventually trained as a doctor at St Thomas' Hospital Medical School in 1957.
The English Anglican nurse was also a social worker, physician and writer.
AFP - Getty Dame Cicelyl Saunders is known for her work on palliative care
What is the nurse famous for?
Saunders is most famous for her role in the hospice movement.
Her idea to start one originated when she fell in love with her patient, David Tasma, in 1948.
The Polish-Jewish refugee had escaped from the Warsaw ghetto but was now dying of cancer.
Her bequeathed her £500 (now worth more than £13,0000) to be a "window in your home".
The donation planted the seed of the hospice that would become St Christopher's, and is remembered with a plain sheet of glass at the hospice's entrance.
St Christopher's Hospice - the world's first purpose-built hospice - was established in 1967.
Saunders worked as its medical director and from 1985 as its chair, before she became its president in 2000.
She also co-founded Cicely Saunders International, a charity whose mission was to promote research to improve the care and treatment of all patients with progressive illness.
Its aim was also to make high-quality palliative care available to everyone who needs it, no matter where they are.
Saunders was also instrumental in the history of UK medical ethics.
She was made a Dame in 1979, and a member of the order of merit (OM) in 1989.
A Google Doodle is celebrating Dame Cicely Saunders' 100th birthday
Did Saunders marry and when did she die?
While working at St Josteph's Hospice in the 1950s she met a second Pole, Antoni Michniewicz, a patient whom she fell in love with.
She had already decided to set up her own hospice, serving cancer patients, and said that Michniewicz's death in 1963 had shown her that "as the body becomes weaker, so the spirit becomes stronger".
Three years later she became friends with Marian Bohusz-Szyszko, a Polish émigré and professor with a degree in fine art.
They met and became friends, and she became a patron of his art.
He was still supporting his estranged wife in Poland, and the pair finally married in 1980, five years after the death of his ife.
She was 61 and he was 79. He spent his last days at St Christopher's Hospice, where he died in 1995.
Saunders died of cancer at the age of 87 in 2005 at the hospice she had founded.
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What is a Google Doodle?
In 1998, the search engine founders Larry and Sergey drew a stick figure behind the second 'o' of Google as a message to that they were out of office at the Burning Man festival and with that, Google Doodles were born.
The company decided that they should decorate the logo to mark cultural moments and it soon became clear that users really enjoyed the change to the Google homepage.
Google Google celebrated the Autumn Equinox with a themed doodle
In that same year, a turkey was added to Thanksgiving and two pumpkins appeared as the 'o's for Halloween the following year.
Now, there is a full team of doodlers, illustrators, graphic designers, animators and classically trained artists who help create what you see on those days.
Among the Doodles published in past months were designs commemorating German scientist Robert Koch, Jan Ingenhousz (who discovered photosynthesis) and the 50th anniversary of kids coding languages being introduced.
And the search giant celebrated the 2017 Autumn Equinox , which marked the official ending of summer and the coming of autumn.
The history of Google Doodles, what they are and where they came from
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Dame Cicely Saunders believed that everyone should live with “a sense of fulfillment and a readiness to let go.”
The pioneer of the modern hospice movement, who was born 100 years ago today, performed many roles in her life, including nurse, doctor, author, and social worker.
It was while caring for a terminally ill patient that she recognised certain challenges other medical professionals of her time did not: that his diagnosis required a fundamentally different kind of healthcare.
Through this experience, Saunders envisioned an environment that focused care on a patient’s individual and specific needs.
As a result, she went on to found St. Christopher’s, the first modern hospice, in a suburb of London in 1967.
(Image: PA)
(Image: Google)
There, core values included vigilant pain-management as well as a holistic and individualised understanding of practical, medical, and psychological patient needs.
Not only did Saunders’ work inspire hundreds of other hospices worldwide, but her books and teachings also established a new branch of medicine known as palliative care, which addresses the importance of holistic care among patients with life-limiting illnesses.
(Image: PA)
She also went on to establish a global charity focusing on palliative care research and education, Cicely Saunders International, which still works to improve the lives of patients with progressive illness to this day.
Today’s Doodle, by London-based artist Briony May Smith, was inspired by Saunders' favourite anthology, 'All In the End is Harvest' (1984) which states, “Love and life is an eternal thing, like the growth and reaping of the harvest."
Dame Cicely Saunders is being honoured by Google on the occasion of what would have been her 100th birthday, but who is she? (Picture: Getty)
Dying with dignity, and in relative comfort, is something we all hope to be entitled to when the time comes.
Dame Cicely Saunders is the brilliant woman responsible for the establishment of UK hospices which provide this service.
She thereby helped establish the role of palliative care which, before her time, was not available on the NHS.
Here’s what we know about this compassionate and courageous nurse, who is being honoured by Google with a Doodle on what would have been her 100th birthday.
Young Dame Cicely when she was an undergraduate, and then a medical social worker (Picture: Getty)
Dame Cicely Saunders was born on 22 June 1918 in Barnet, Hertfordshire.
She decided to be a nurse midway through the Second World War in 1940, while she was studying a PPE at Oxford. By 1947 she had qualified as a medical social worker.
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A year later she fell in love with her patient, David Tasma, a Polish-Jewish refugee who, having escaped from the Warsaw ghetto in Nazi-occupied Poland, worked as a waiter.
He was dying of cancer and bequeathed her £500 to be ‘a window in your home’. This donation helped form Dame Cicely’s idea to build and run St Christopher’s, the first hospice she established in 1967.
Around the end of the 1940s Dame Cicely had converted to Christianity, and began working part-time at St Luke’s Home for the Dying Poor in Bayswater.
Founder of the Uk Hospice movement, dame cicely saunders. Credit St Christopher’s Hospice
Her experiences there led her to study to become a physician and by 1957 she had an MBBS, beginning life as a practicing doctor.
While working at St Joseph’s Hospice, a Catholic establishment in Hackney, she fell in love with another Polish man, who died shortly thereafter, in the same year as her father and another friend of hers.
The grief she felt was overwhelming, and at this point she decided to dedicate her life to helping people at the end of theirs.
Dame Cicely in the early 1950s (Picture: Getty)
Her thinking was that ‘as the body becomes weaker, so the spirit becomes stronger’.
Two years after being awarded an OBE, Dame Cicely set-up the first ever purpose-built hospice St Christpher’s in 1967.
The motto was: ‘You matter because you are you, and you matter until the end of your life. We will do all we can not only to help you die peacefully, but also live until you die.’
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At the hospice, patients were not merely medically cared for, but were taken into the garden, visited by hairdressers and encouraged to socialise.
Pictured after becoming a doctor and establishing St Christopher’s (Picture: Getty)
The way music, performance and art was used to lift the quality of life of patients also went on to transform the way the NHS approached end-of-life care.
Through the late 1960s and 70s she gave hugely popular talks to the most influential doctors in the country on the nature of pain, and these talks helped re-mold modern medical ethics.
Her approach was that there was such a thing as ‘total pain’, in that you could be not just in physical pain, but also emotional, social, and spiritual distress.
Dame Cicely was one of the greatest humanitarians Britain has ever produced (Picture: Getty)
Dame Cicely’s work with the hospice meant she became a dame in 1979, and in 1981 she was awarded the Templeton Prize, the world’s richest annual prize awarded to an individual.
The Queen also awarded her the Order of Merit, and in 2001 she received the world’s largest humanitarian award – the Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize, worth £700,000 – on behalf of St Christopher’s.
‘The door of hope must be shut slowly and gently’. Insightful words from Cicely Saunders' first publication, written while she was still a medical student. 'Dying of cancer', St Thomas’s Hospital Gazette, 56(2): 37-47; 1958. #CSCentenary #hpm — David Clark (@dumfriesshire) January 12, 2018
A year later she established the charitable organisation Cicely Saunders International, with the aim of ensuring as many people with progressive illnesses or who are reaching the end of their life could receive palliative care.
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A painting of Dame Cicely hangs in the National Portrait Gallery.
The Google Doodle image inspired by Dame Cicely (Picture: Google)
Despite losing two major loves in her life, Dame Cicely did get married at the age of 61.
In 1980 she wed Polish painter Marian Bohusz-Szyszko, who she’d known for many years and whose art adorned the walls of St Christopher became a patron of his art.
Bohusz-Szyszko died in 1995, at the age of 94, spending his last days at St Christopher’s Hospice. Saunders died of cancer ten years later at age 87, also at St Christopher’s Hospice.
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Dame Cicely Saunders, the woman who changed end-of-life care for the better, was born 100 years ago today.
Instrumental in advancing hospice care in the UK, helping people to die with dignity, Dame Cicely is commemorated with a Google Doodle to mark her centenary. It is largely thanks to her interventions that palliative care is what it is today.
Trained as a nurse and social worker and later becoming a doctor, she founded the first modern hospice, St Christopher’s, in south London.
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Friedrich Gauss Google Doodle celebrating Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Google 7/99 Fanny Blankers-Koen Google Doodle celebrating Fanny Blankers-Koen Google 8/99 Omar Sharif Google Doodle celebrating Omar Sharif Google 9/99 Maya Angelou Google Doodle celebrating Maya Angelou Google 10/99 John Harrison Google Doodle celebrating John Harrison Google 11/99 Hannah Glasse Google Doodle celebrating Hannah Glasse Google 12/99 Katsuko Saruhashi Google Doodle celebrating Katsuko Saruhashi Google 13/99 Guillermo Haro Google Doodle celebrating Guillermo Haro Google 14/99 Sir William Henry Perkin Google Doodle celebrating Sir William Henry Perkin Google 15/99 Gabriel Garcia Marquez Google Doodle celebrating Gabriel Garcia Marquez Google 16/99 Holi Google Doodle celebrating Holi Google 17/99 St. David's Day Google Doodle celebrating St. David's Day Google 18/99 Carter G Woodson Google Doodle celebrating Carter G Woodson Google 19/99 Wilder Penfield Google Doodle celebrating Wilder Penfield Google 20/99 Virginia Woolf Google Doodle celebrating Virginia Woolf Google 21/99 Sergei Eisenstein Google Doodle celebrating Sergei Eisenstein Google 22/99 Winter Solstice Google Doodle celebrating Winter Solstice Google 23/99 St Andrew's Day Google Doodle celebrating St Andrew's Day Google 24/99 Gertrude Jekyll Google Doodle celebrating Gertrude Jekyll Google 25/99 Children's Day 2017 Google Doodle celebrating Children's Day 2017 Google 26/99 Cornelia Sorabji Google Doodle celebrating Cornelia Sorabji Google 27/99 Pad Thai Google Doodle celebrating Pad Thai Google 28/99 Jackie Forster Google Doodle celebrating Jackie Forster Google 29/99 Halloween 2017 Google Doodle celebrating Halloween 2017 Google 30/99 Studio for Electronic Music Google Doodle celebrating the Studio for Electronic Music Google 31/99 Selena Quintanilla Google Doodle celebrating Selena Quintanilla Google 32/99 Olaudah Equiano Google Doodle celebrating Olaudah Equiano Google 33/99 Fridtjof Nansen Google Doodle celebrating Fridtjof Nansen Google 34/99 Amalia Hernandez Google Doodle celebrating Amalia Hernandez Google 35/99 Dr Samuel Johnson Google Doodle celebrating Dr Samuel Johnson Google 36/99 Sir John Cornforth Google Doodle celebrating Sir John Cornforth Google 37/99 British Sign Language Google Doodle celebrating British Sign Language Google 38/99 Eduard Khil Google Doodle celebrating Eduard Khil Google 39/99 James Wong Howe Google Doodle celebrating James Wong Howe Google 40/99 Eiko Ishioka Google Doodle celebrating Eiko Ishioka Google 41/99 Eva Ekeblad Google Doodle celebrating Eva Ekeblad Google 42/99 Fourth of July Google Doodle celebrating Fourth of July Google 43/99 Wimbledon Championship Google Doodle celebrating Wimbledon Google 44/99 Victor Hugo Google Doodle celebrating Victor Hugo Google 45/99 Google Doodle celebrating Oskar Fischinger Google Doodle celebrating Oskar Fischinger Google 46/99 UK General Election 2017 Google celebrates the UK General Election Google 47/99 Zaha Hadid Google celebrates the acclaimed architect for becoming the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize on this day in 2004 Google 48/99 Richard Oakes Google Doodle celebrating Richard Oakes' 75 birthday Google 49/99 Google Doodle celebrating the Antikythera Mechanism Google Doodle celebrating the Antikythera Mechanism Google 50/99 Ferdinand Monoyer The famous French ophthalmologist, who invented the eye test, would have celebrated his 181st birthday today Google 51/99 Google Doodle celebrating Giro d'Italia's 100th Anniversary Google Doodle celebrating Giro d'Italia's 100th Anniversary Google 52/99 Google Doodle celebrating Nasa's Cassini probe Google Doodle celebrating Nasa's Cassini probe Google 53/99 Google Doodle celebrating Fazlur Rahman Khan Google Doodle celebrating Fazlur Rahman Khan Google 54/99 Google Doodle celebrating Sergei Diaghilev Google Doodle celebrating Sergei Diaghilev Google 55/99 Google Doodle celebrating St. Patrick's Day Google Doodle celebrating St. Patrick's Day Google 56/99 Google Doodle celebrating Holi Festival Google Doodle celebrating Holi Festival Google 57/99 Google Doodle celebrating St. David's Day Google Doodle celebrating St. David's Day Google 58/99 Abdul Sattar Edhi Google Doodle of Abdul Sattar Edhi on February 28 2017 Google 59/99 Seven earth-sized exoplanets discovered Google Doodle celebrates Nasa's discovery of seven earth-sized exoplanets in new solar system Google 60/99 Bessie Coleman Google Doodle honours the first African American woman to get an international pilot licence on her 125th birthday Google 61/99 Caroling Google Doodle celebrates Christmas caroling Google 62/99 Today's Google Doodle features activist Steve Biko Google 63/99 Walter Cronkite Google celebrates Walter Cronkite's 100th birthday 64/99 Ladislao José Biro Google celebrates Ladislao José Biro 117th birthday 65/99 Google Google celebrates its 18th birthday 66/99 The history of tea in Britain Google celebrates the 385th anniversary of tea in the UK 67/99 Autumnal equinox 2016 Google marks the start of fall 68/99 Paralympics 2016 Google marks the start of the Paralympic Games 2016 69/99 Nettie Stevens Google celebrates Nettie Stevens 155th birthday 70/99 Father's Day 2016 Google celebrates Father's Day 71/99 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Google celebrates Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 180th birthday 72/99 Earth Day 2016 Google celebrates Earth Day 73/99 Ravi Shankar Google marks Pandit Ravi Shankar's 96th birthday 74/99 Olympic Games in 1896 Google are celebrates the 120th anniversary of the modern Olympic Games in 1896 75/99 World Twenty20 final Google celebrates the 2016 World Twenty20 cricket final between the West Indies and England with a doodle Google 76/99 William Morris Google celebrates William Morris' 182 birthday with a doodle showcasing his most famous designs Google 77/99 St Patrick's Day 2016 Googlle celebrates St Patrick's Day on 17 March 78/99 Caroline Herschel Google marks Caroline Herschel's 266th birthday Google 79/99 Clara Rockmore Google celebrates Clara Rockmore's 105th birthday 80/99 International Women's Day 2016 #OneDayIWill video marks International Woman's Day on 8 March 81/99 St David's Day 2016 Google marks St David's Day Google 82/99 Leap Year 2016 Google celebrates Leap Day on 28 February 2 Google 83/99 Lantern Festival 2016 Google celebrates the last day of the Chinese New Year celebrations with a doodle of the Lantern Festival Google 84/99 Stethoscope Inventor, René Laennec Google celebrate's René Laennec's 235th birthday 85/99 Valentine's Day 2016 Google celebrates Valentine's Day with a romantic Doodle 86/99 Dmitri Mendeleev Google celebrate Dmitri Mendeleev's 182nd birthday 87/99 "The televisor" demonstartion Google Doodle celebrates 90 years since the first demonstration of television or "the televisor" to the public 88/99 Professor Scoville Google marks Professor Scoville’s 151st birthday 89/99 Sophie Taeuber-Arp Google marks Sophie Taeuber-Arp's 127th birthday 90/99 Charles Perrault Google celebrates author Charles Perrault's 388th birthday 91/99 Mountain of Butterflies discovery Google celebrates the 41st anniversary of the discovery of the Mountain of Butterflies 92/99 Winter Solstice 2015 Google celebrate the Winter Solstice 93/99 St Andrew's Day 2015 Google marks St Andrew's Day with doodle featuring Scotland's flag and Loch Ness monster 94/99 41st anniversary of the discovery of 'Lucy' Google marks the 41st anniversary of the discovery of 'Lucy', the name given to a collection of fossilised bones that once made up the skeleton of a hominid from the Australopithecus afarensis species, who lived in Ethiopia 3.2 million years ago 95/99 George Boole Google marks George Boole's 200th birthday 96/99 Halloween 2015 Google celebrates Halloween using an interactive doodle game "Global Candy Cup" 97/99 Prague Astronomical Clock Google celebrates the 605th anniversary of the Prague Astronomical Clock, one of the oldest functioning timepieces in the world 98/99 Autumnal Equinox 2015 Google marks the autumnal equinox on 23 September 99/99 International Women's Day 2018 Google marks IWD with a doodle featuring a dozen female artists from 12 different countries
She also co-founded a palliative care charity - Cicely Saunders International - and the Cicely Saunders Institute, which carries out research into end-of-life care.
Here are a five facts you might not know about her.
1. She started out as a nurse, to the displeasure of her parents
Coming from a well-off background her parents were not keen on getting into nursing, but it was where she found her calling, especially with the Second World War around the corner.
She soon swapped politics, philosophy and economics (PPE) at Oxford for nursing at the Nightingale School of Nursing at St Thomas’s Hospital, London.
A bad back prevented her from pursuing nursing more fully, however, directing her steps towards social work.
2. It all began after she fell for a man with only weeks to live
In 1948, she fell in love with David Tasma, a Polish Jew, while he was a patient at Archway Hospital in London where she was then based.
His experience made her see that there was so much more that needed to be done for those with life-limiting illnesses.
The pair became close friends and first talked about their shared vision for a hospice providing psychological support in addition to physical care.
He left her with £500 to make the vision a reality and the message: “I will be a window in your home”.
In 1967, she would open St Christopher’s Hospice in south London in Tasma's memory.
3. St Christopher's was more than just a place of rest
St Christopher’s was dedicated to providing holistic care for the terminally ill, including social, emotional and spiritual support as well as physical care and expert pain relief.
She wanted to create a bright and breezy place, with gardens and a welcoming atmosphere.
Family and friends were encouraged to visit and patients were invited to take part in a range of activities – from gardening to art to getting their hair done. Dame Cicely understood that simply having someone to talk to could be a major relief.
The institute aimed to celebrate life till the end, as well as making passing away easier and helping families come to terms with their bereavement.
4. She fell in love with three Polish men – and two of them were patients
After David Tasma, she fell for another man without long to live, Antoni Michniewicz, who was also Polish and a patient at St Joseph’s Hospice in east London, where she worked between 1952 and 1959.
But the relationship could not happen as he died six months later, throwing Dame Cecily into a deep grief, his death coinciding with that of her father.
The third Polish love of her life would come along three years later. Marian Bohusz-Szyszko was an artist, whom she met after first contacting him about purchasing a piece of his work for display in the hospice.
He had an estranged wife in Poland, but the friendship with Dame Cicely grew as the pair began writing to one another.
He eventually moved to England and became artist in residence at St Christopher’s.
Five year’s after his wife died, Marian married Dame Cicely when he was 79 and she was 61.
He lived to 93, before passing away within the confines of St Christopher’s.
5. She was over 6ft tall and quite a character
While she was widely known for her empathy, many who knew Dame Cicely also described her as an intense person. In addition to being tall, she was described as “intimidating”, “passionate” and “strong-willed” by her biographer, Professor David Clarke, in an interview with BBC Radio 4.
Others characterised her as something an outsider. She was also a woman of faith, having discovered Christianity as an adult, which helped to steer her throughout life.
She was given many awards and titles for achievements, including the Order of Merit, being named a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire and receiving the coveted Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize.
She died from cancer in St Christopher’s in 2005, aged 87.
