"ADA banyak perempuan yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menjadi ilmuwan besar. Saya ingin melihat hari ketika para perempuan dapat berkontribusi dibidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pada posisi yang sejajar dengan para pria." -Katsuko Saruhashi-
Katsuko Saruhashi yang kala itu masih berusia muda duduk di bangku sekolah dasar sambil melihat jendela menatap tetesan air hujan yang meluncur turun dari jendela. Katsuko Saruhashi bertanya-tanya apa yang menyebabkan hujan turun.
Perjalanan Katsuko Saruhashi untuk mendapatkan jawaban itu membawanya menjadi perempuan pertama yang mendaptakan gelar doktor dalam bidang kimia dari Universitas Tokyo pada tahun 1957.
Katsuko Saruhashi lahir di Tokyo, Jepang pada 22 Maret 1920 dan tutup usia pada 29 September 2007. Katsuko Saruhashi terkenal karena penelitiannya yang inovatif sebagai seorang geokimiawan. Katsuko Saruhashi adalah orang pertama yang secara akurat mengukur konsentrasi asam karbonat dalam air berdasarkan suhu, pH level, dan chlorinity. Dinamai 'Saruhashi's Table' setelahnya, metodologi ini terbukti sangat berharga bagi para ahli kelautan di mana-mana.
Katsuko Saruhashi juga mengembangkan teknik untuk melacak perjalanan kejatuhan radioaktif melintasi samudera yang menyebabkan pembatasan eksperimen nuklir samudera pada tahun 1963.
Selama 35 tahun karirnya, Katsuko Saruhashi menjadi perempuan pertama yang terpilih menjadi anggota Dewan Ilmu Pengetahuan Jepang pada tahun 1980. Ia juga perempuan pertama yang mendapatkan penghargaan Miyake Prize untuk geokimia pada tahun 1985. Penghargaan itu adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak penghargaan yang diraihnya.
Katsuko Saruhashi sangat berkomitmen untuk menginspirasi para perempuan muda belajar sains. Dan ditetapkan sebuah penghargaan atas namanya, Saruhashi Prize pada tahun 1981, sebagai pengakuan bagi ilmuwan perempuan untuk penelitian yang berbeda-beda dalam ilmu pengetahuan.
Pada hari ini, 22 Maret, Hari Ulang tahun Katsuko Saruhashi yang ke 98 tahun, Google memberikan penghormatan kepada Dr. Katsuko Saruhashi atas kontribusinya yang luar biasa terhadap sains, juga atas jasanya menginspirasi ilmuwan muda, dengan menjadikannya sebagai Google Doodle hari ini.***
Katsuko Saruhashi ( 猿橋 勝子 , Saruhashi Katsuko ? , 22 Maret 1920 – 29 September 2007) adalah geokimiawan yang pertama kali mengukur kandungan karbon dioksida (CO 2 ) di air laut dan memaparkan bukti bahaya luruhan radioaktif di air laut dan atmosfer .
Saruhashi lahir di Tokyo dan lulus dari Perguruan Tinggi Sains Wanita Kekaisaran Jepang (pendahulu Universitas Toho ) tahun 1943, lalu bergabung dengan Institut Penelitian Meteorologi milik Observatorium Meteorologi Pusat (kelak menjadi Badan Meteorologi Jepang ) dan bekerja di laboratorium geokimia di sana. Pada tahun 1950, ia mulai meneliti kandungan CO 2 di air laut. Waktu itu, kandungan CO 2 tidak dianggap penting sehingga Saruhashi harus mengembangkan metode pengukuran sendiri. [1]
Ia mendapat gelar S2 kimia pada tahun 1957 dari Universitas Tokyo dan menjadi salah satu perempuan pertama yang mendapat gelar tersebut. [2]
Usai uji nuklir Bikini Atoll tahun 1954, pemerintah Jepang meminta Laboratorium Geokimia menganalisis dan mengawasi radioaktivitas air laut dan hujan. [2] Sebuah kapal nelayan Jepang berada di arah angin saat uji nuklir dilakukan, kemudian semua awak kapal jatuh sakit. Saruhashi menemukan bahwa radioaktivitas memakan waktu satu setengah tahun untuk mencapai perairan Jepang . [2]
Tahun 1964, tingkat radioaktivitas menunjukkan bahwa perairan Pasifik Utara bagian barat dan timur telah bercampur sepenuhnya. Tahun 1969, jejak-jejak radioaktivitas telah tersebar ke seluruh Pasifik. [ butuh rujukan ] Ini merupakan salah satu penelitian pertama yang menunjukkan cara luruhan nuklir menyebar ke seluruh dunia, bukan hanya di perairan sekitar. [ butuh rujukan ] Pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an, ia mulai meneliti hujan asam dan dampaknya.
Saruhashi meninggal dunia tanggal 29 September 2007 akibat pneumonia di rumahnya di Tokyo pada usia 87 tahun.
1958 - Pendiri Perkumpulan Ilmuwan Perempuan Jepang untuk memperkenalkan perempuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan membantu menjaga perdamaian dunia. [3]
1980 - Perempuan pertama yang menjadi anggota Dewan Ilmu Pengetahuan Jepang.
1981 - Avon Special Prize for Women atas penelitiannya tentang penggunaan tenaga nuklir secara damai dan menaikkan status status ilmuwan perempuan.
1981 - Perintis Saruhashi Prize , penghargaan tahunan untuk ilmuwan perempuan yang menjadi panutan bagi ilmuwan perempuan muda.
1985 - Perempuan pertama yang dianugerahi Miyake Prize untuk geokimia.
1993 - Tanaka Prize dari Society of Sea Water Sciences.
Saruhashi adalah anggota kehormatan Perkumpulan Geokimia Jepang dan Perkumpulan Oseanografi Jepang. [4]
Pada tanggal 22 Maret 2018, Google menampilkan Doodle berwajah Katsuko Saruhashi bertepatan dengan ulang tahun ke-98. [5] [6]
"Ada banyak perempuan yang mampu menjadi ilmuwan besar. Saya menunggu-nunggu masa ketika perempuan bisa ikut memperkaya sains dan teknologi, sejajar dengan laki-laki." [7]
^ Yount, Lisa (1996) Twentieth-Century Women Scientists , Facts On File, Inc., p. 53, ISBN 0-8160-3173-8
^ a b c Yount, Lisa (2008). A to Z of women in science and math (edisi ke-Rev.). New York: Facts On File. hlmn. 263–264. ISBN 978-0-8160-6695-7 .
^ Robertson, Jennifer, editor (2008) A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan , John Wiley & Sons, p. 477, ISBN 140514145X
^ https://www.google.com/doodles/katsuko-saruhashis-98th-birthday
Yount, Lisa (1996). Twentieth Century Women Scientists. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-3173-8 .
Morell, Virginia et al. (April 16, 1993). Called 'Trimates,' three bold women shaped their field. Science , v260 n5106 p420(6).
Google is honouring Katsuko Saruhashi, a Japanese scientist who did pioneering work in her field – and then inspired many more like herself to do the same.
Saruhashi's list of achievements is vast and wide. Chief among them is work she did to test how nuclear fallout was moving in the seas, and use it to show that tests of nuclear explosions in the ocean should be limited.
But Saruhashi's achievements weren't only scientific, and the list of work that others went on to do as a result of her inspiration is even longer. She also worked incredibly hard to ensure that other women got a chance to make the breakthroughs she did, explaining that it was her mission to make the field she worked in more equal.
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42/87 Google Doodle celebrating Sergei Diaghilev Google Doodle celebrating Sergei Diaghilev Google
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"“There are many women who have the ability to become great scientists," she said. "I would like to see the day when women can contribute to science & technology on an equal footing with men.”
Her work in that area has been recognised with, among many others things, a prize named in her honour. When she retired in 1980, her colleagues gave her five million yen – and she used that money to establish the Association for the Bright Future of Women Scientists, which has rewarded Japanese women scientists working in the natural scientists with a prize every year since.
Google recognised all of those achievements in its Doodle, which was displayed across the world. "Today on her 98th birthday, we pay tribute to Dr. Katsuko Saruhashi for her incredible contributions to science, and for inspiring young scientists everywhere to succeed," it wrote on its page.
Before she did the work she would go on to be remembered for, Saruhashi was already breaking through barriers. She was the first woman to earn a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Tokyo in 1957, for instance, and she would continue such achievements by becoming the first woman to win a prestigious geochemistry award.
But the work that would define her scientific life was begun after the US started testing nuclear weapons at Bikini Atoll. In response to that, the Japanese government wanted to know whether exploding the warheads was affecting the water in the ocean and in rainfall, and commissioned the Geochemical Laboratory, where she worked, to analyse that.
She made use of the understanding of accurately measuring water but turned it to explore the way nuclear fallout spread through the water. She found that the pollution was taking a long time to make its way through the ocean – but that eventually it would spread out and mix with the water, moving across the world.
It was those findings and others like it that helped contribute towards stopping the test of nuclear warheads in the ocean. And it was some of the first work that explored the way that nuclear fallout spreads over the world – a field that would go on to become terrifyingly relevant in accidents like those at Chernobyl or Fukushima.
Saruhashi would go on to explore the other dangers posed by rain and water, including work on acid rain.
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